Physiology is the biological science which explores how living organisms are able to function in order to survive and reproduce. To be able to explain basic physiology to women so that they are able to understand how pregnancy alters the way a woman's body functions in order to support her pregnancy and prepare her physiologically for nurturing her newborn infant.To review the physiological systems involved in maintaining homeostasis.To describe the principles and components of a homeostatic system.To identify key features of physiological control mechanisms.To describe the control of provision of oxygen and nutrients to cells and how the waste products of metabolism are excreted.To recognize the features and characteristics of different tissue types that facilitate their function and characteristics.To discuss how cell differentiation and organization permit physiological function.To describe the structure of a typical cell and the role of its organelles.Cancer treatments, as well as other nephrotoxic medications, may also damage the health of your kidneys.Anatomy & Physiology for Midwives 3: Third Edition Chapter 1. Cancer: A number of cancers can affect the kidneys, including renal cell carcinoma.While some loss of function is tolerable, serious problems develop as kidney function drops below 25%, and life-threatening complications can arise as function drops below 10% to 15%. Chronic kidney disease: This is the result of long-term kidney damage that gradually reduces the function of the kidneys.Acute renal failure or acute kidney injury occurs quickly, with fluids and waste products building up and causing a cascade of problems in the body. Acute renal railure: This occurs when the kidneys suddenly stop working.They may pass from the body on their own or require more invasive removal when they block the passage of urine from the body. Kidney stones: These are small masses formed by salts or minerals that build up in your kidneys.Polycystic kidney disease: This is a genetic form of kidney disease that results in the formation of cysts within the kidney and can lead to kidney failure.While missing both kidneys is fatal, a single kidney will usually adapt and enlarge to perform the function of two. Kidney agenesis: Occasionally, one or both kidneys may never form at all.In some cases, there are no symptoms to indicate you would have fused kidneys, but other times, a host of problems can arise, including problems with kidney stones or urine drainage. The result is one large renal mass rather than two separate kidneys. Horseshoe/fused kidney: As the kidneys move to their permanent position during development, they can sometimes fuse together, forming a horseshoe shape.

This could also result in blockages that may require surgical correction. Malrotation can results from kidneys not properly moving into their final position during development.

Malrotation: Just as kidneys may never fully move to the correct position during development, they may also not reach the correct position.

This can result in a blockage in the flow of urine and require surgery to correct.

In some cases, the kidneys never move to their final location. Ectopic kidney: Kidneys are initially formed in the pelvis and move up into their permanent position as a fetus develops.

Move up and down in essential anatomy 3